Saturday, July 6, 2013

FIFA LAWS OF THE GAME OF FOOTBALL

FIFA LAWS OF THE GAMES OF FOOTBALL
LAW 1 – Field of Play

Dimensions

The field of play must be rectangular. The length of the touch line must be greater than the length of the goal line.

Length  :               Minimum            100 yds (90 m)
                            Maximum           130 yds (120 m)

Width    :              Minimum            50 yds (45 m)
                            Maximum           100 yds (90 m)

For International matches

Length  :               Minimum            110 yds (100 m)
                            Maximum           120 yds (110 m)

Width    :              Minimum            70 yds (64 m)
                            Maximum           80 yds (75 m)


How to Filed Marking

The field of play is marked with lines. These lines belong to the areas of which they are boundaries. The two longer boundary lines are called as touch lines. Other two shorter lines are called as goal lines. All lines are not more than 12 cm wide. The field of play is divided into two halves by a halfway line. The centre mark is indicated at the midpoint of the halfway line. A circle with the radius of 10 yds (9.15 m) is marked around it.

Goal Area

The Goal area defined at each end of the field as follows:
Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line, 6 yds (5.5m) from the inside of each goalpost. These lines extend into the field of play for a distance of 6 yds (5.5m) and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line. The area bounded by these lines and the goal lines is the goal area.

Penalty area

The penalty area defined at each end of the field as follows:
Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line, 18 yds (16.5m) from the inside of each goalpost. These lines extend into the field of play for a distance of 18 yds (16.5m) and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line. The area bounded by these lines and the goal lines is the penalty area.

Within each penalty area a penalty mark is made 12 yds (11 m) from the midpoint between the goalposts and equidistant to them. An arc of a circle with a radius of 10 yds (9.15 m) from each penalty mark is drawn outside the penalty area.

Flag posts

A flag post, not less than 5 ft (1.5 m) high, with a non-pointed top and a flag is placed at each corner. Flag posts may also place at each end of the halfway line, not less than 1 yd (1 m) outside the touch line. The corner arc, quarter circle with a radius of 1 yd (1 m) from each corner flag post is drawn inside the field of play.

Goals

Goals must be places on the centre of each goal line. They consist of two upright posts equidistant from the corner flag posts and joined at the top by a horizontal crossbar. The distance between the post is 8 yds (7.32 m) and the distance from the lower edge of the crossbar to the ground is 8 ft (2.44 m).

Both goal posts and the crossbar have the same width and depth which do not exceed 12 cm. the goal lines are the same width as that of the goal posts and the crossbar. Nets may be attached to the goals and the ground behind the goal, provided that they are properly supported and do not interfere with the goalkeeper. The goal posts and crossbars colored must be white.

Safety

Goals must be anchored securely to the ground. Portable goals may only be used if they satisfy this requirement.

Decisions of the International F.A Board

Decision 1

If the crossbar becomes displaced or broken, play is stopped until it has been repaired or replaced in position. If repair is not possible, the match is abandoned. The use of a rope to replace the crossbar is not permitted. If the crossbar can be repaired, the match is restart with a dropped ball at the place where the ball was located when play was stopped.

Decision 2

Goal posts and crossbars must be made of wood, metal or other approved material. Their shape may be squire, rectangular, round or elliptical and they must not be dangerous to players.

Decision 3

No kind of commercial advertising, whether real or virtual, is permitted on the field of play and field equipment (including the goal nets and the areas they enclose) from the time the teams enter the field of play until they have left it at half-time and from the time the teams re-enter the field of play until the end of the match. In particular, no advertising material of any kind may be displayed on goals, nets, flag posts, or their flags. No extraneous equipment (camera, microphone, etc) may be attached to these items.

Decision 4

There shall be no advertising of any kind within the technical area or within 1 m from the touch lines and outside the field of play on the ground. Further, no advertising shall be allowed in the area between the goal line and the goal nets.

Decision 5

The reproduction, whether real or virtual, of representative logos or emblems of FIFA, confederations, national associations, leagues, clubs or other bodies, is forbidden on the field of play and field equipment (including the goal nets and the areas they enclose) during playing time, as described in decision 3.

Decision 6

A mark may be made off the field of play, 10 yds (9.15 m) from the corner arc and at right angles to the goal lines to ensure that this distance is observed when a corner kick is being taken.

CITIES OF RUINED IN SRI LANKA



There are many ruined cities in Sri Lanka. Sigiriya, Yapahuwa, Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa and Panduwasnuwara are some of them. Anuradhapura city is regarded as the first capital city of Sri Lanka. According to the history it has been founded by King Pandukabhaya in 380 B.C. According to our historical chronicle Anuradhapura was a well planned city. Anuradhapura city is one of the most secret place, because there is a secret ‘Bo Tree’ under which the lord Buddha attained alignment more than 2600 years ago. We can see a large number of stone pillars and some other ruined in here.

Polonnaruwa is another ruined city in Sri Lanka. It is situated 218 Km away from Colombo. We can see large numbers of ruined building here. Parackrama Samudraya is large tank situated in this ancient city.

Sigiriya is also an ancient city in Sri Lanka. It is situated is Matale District. It is a rock fortress; built by King Kashyapa between 473 A.C. and 491 A.C. Sigiriya is a world famous for its frescoes and the grafity written on the mirror wall. These places of historical and cultureral important. It should be protected because they are monuments that symbolize the great past of our country. They show skills and abilities of our ancient people. We should be proud of them.